Security FAQ¶
Do I need to patch/update my VMs?¶
The featured images provided by the Jetstream team have unattended security updates enabled. Instances will not reboot, but they will apply any update marked as a security update. It’s still a good idea to update your VM periodically.
CentOS 7: sudo yum update
Rocky 8: sudo dnf update
Ubuntu: sudo apt-get update ; sudo apt-get upgrade
If the kernel or glibc/libc packages are being updated, rebooting is necessary to implement those updates
Always run updates before taking snapshots so your new instances will have the latest patches in place.
Do I need to secure services running on my VMs?¶
If you have a public IP (also called a floating IP in OpenStack terminology), your instance may be exposed to the internet. While you can use security groups or host-based firewalls like iptables or UFW to limit access, it’s best to take a posture of defense in depth and always secure any listening services.
We strongly recommend
- limiting access to any service ports via security group and/or firewall
- making sure any non-public services like databases have secure passwords for all accounts.
- If your service only needs to be accessible to the VM it’s running on, check the documentation to see if it can be bound only to the localhost port. (Not all services have this ability.)
Do I need to run a firewall on my VM?¶
Jetstream2 staff encourages a defense-in-depth approach to security. This potentially involves several methods of restricting access and securing instances.
Firewalls are not enabled by default on Jetstream2 instances. Depending on the user interface you launched your instance from, you may have different security groups established for your instance. (See What is the default security profile for Jetstream2 VMs? on this page for more information on that.)
We encourage keeping your instances patched, rebooting as needed for any kernel or glibc patches, limiting access to all services as much as possible, utilizing security groups if your interface allows it, and running your own host-based firewall if you’re comfortable administering it.
Please refer to Jetstream2 Virtual Machine Firewalls for more information.
What is the default security profile for Jetstream2 VMs? ¶
That depends on the interface.
The CLI and Horizon by default allow egress only. You have to apply the appropriate security groups for ingress. Please refer to the CLI or Horizon for more information on managing security groups in those interfaces.
For Exosphere, the default security group allows all egress and inbound access.
For CACAO, the default security group will be announced when it is available for general usage.
What is the default security group I can see in Horizon or from the CLI?¶
The default security group that you can see from Horizon or the CLI is provided by OpenStack for every allocation. It contains default egress rules for all VMs on that allocation and is automatically applied to each VM.
We highly recommend not changing the default security group at all. Security groups are additive, so you can create additional groups for the access you need and add them to your host at launch or at any time after launch.
Please refer to the CLI or Horizon for more information on managing security groups in those interfaces.
Is there any security benefit to creating a new network or subnet for VMs in my project?¶
Unlike physical networking, there is no real advantage to “isolating” hosts on their own subnet or network.
All traffic is filtered on the hypervisor and must be explicitly allowed by security groups even if the two hosts are on the same neutron subnet.
Only network traffic destined for ports on the specific hypervisor a VM is on will even make it to that hypervisor. Since the networking happens at a layer above the virtual machines, promiscuous mode sniffing will only reveal traffic that was already destined for the VM(s) in question.
We recommend using the auto_allocated_network and auto_allocated_subnet_v4 that are automatically created for each allocation. If you do not specify a network or subnet when creating a VM, it should automatically use those via an OpenStack configuration/feature.
In Exosphere, there is a way to get a passphrase for any instance. Can I prevent other users on my allocation from accessing my instance(s)?¶
The way Jetstream2 is currently architected, all users on an allocation have access to all resources on the allocation. By default, Exosphere hides some resources created by other users, but this is only a convenience and it cannot assure separation of access.
It is possible to make it less straightforward for another user on the same allocation to access your running instance. You can do this by changing the password for the default exouser account. Changing the password does not prevent any access, but makes it more difficult.
Note that currently, changing the exouser account password will break Web Shell, Web Desktop, and some other Exosphere-powered instance interactions. This may change in the future.)
We note how to change a user password here:
you can do:
sudo passwd exouser
and that solves the issue of them being able to access your instance using the credential listed on the Exosphere page. While you can use the console option still, we HIGHLY suggest utilizing ssh keys for your instances to ensure you have access. That’s covered here:
https://docs.jetstream-cloud.org/ui/exo/create_instance/
under the advanced options. You can also manually add your key to an already running instance.